Scarifier



y 1951 c. w. KELSEY 2,560,352

SCARIFIER Filed Jan. 4, 1946 3 Sheets-Sheet l I N V EN TOR. @amflader M/Afe/seg AZOAMELL July 10, 1951 c. w. KELSEY SCARIFIER 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Jan. 4 1946 INVENTOR. Jadwa/hder W Kelsey ,4 TTOR/VE Y 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Jan. 4, 1946 P .25 INVENTOR.

Jadwaflaaerl V Ae/seg ,JTTOANEY Patented July 10, 1951 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 7 SCARIFIER Cadwallader W. Kelsey, Troy, N. Y.

Application January 4, 1946, Serial No. 638,963

3 Claims. 1

My invention relates to scarifiers or devices for breaking up the surface of the ground, roads, pavements and the like.

Scarifiers of the present type used in breaking up macadam pavements, dirt roads and the like prior to resurfacing comprise a heavy wheeled vehicle provided with projecting spikes or teeth, and which is usually drawn behind a road roller or the like so that the teeth or jaws are forced under the surface of the road or ground and pr it upwardly. Sometimes a roller with long spikes in the rear wheels thereof is used as a scarifier. In any event, the scarified material is usually broken into large, irregular shaped chunks which either must be removed and replaced with new material or which must be broken up by hand or otherwise if the material is to be used in whole or in part in the resurfacing.

The principal object of my invention is to provide an improved means not only for breaking up the top surface of the ground but which will also at the same time pulverize or break up the scarified material into comparatively small pieces or particles. Another object is to provide a device of this character, adapted for use in soil stabilization and the improvement of dirt roads or the like, in which the surface of the ground or road is first broken up and hydraulic or other cement is thereafter mixed with the broken material to form a hard, concrete-like surface when wet and rolled. Another objectis to provide a device which may be used, not only to break up the surface of the road, but also thoroughly to mix the cement or other binding material with thebroken up material. A further object is to provide a device of this character which is adapted for use anywhere it is desired, not only to break up the surface of the ground, but also thoroughly to pulverize or break up the loosened material such, for example, as in the preparation of a seed bed or in the building of a lawn.

With these objects in view, my invention includes the novel elements and the combinations and arrangements thereof described below and illustrated in the accompanying drawing in Which- Fig. 1 is a, small'scale, more or less diagrammatic side elevation View of a tractor showing my scarifier attached thereto;

Fig.2 is a fragmentary top plan view of the rear end of a tractor, with portions thereof broken away and showing my scarifier attached thereto;

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary side elevation view of the rear portion of a tractor with portions broken,

away and showing a longitudinal, vertical section of one of my scarifiers secured thereto;

Fig. 4 is a rear elevation view of my scarifier with portions thereof broken away to show details of construction;

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary perspective view of the driven shaft housing with portions broken away to show one of the bearings for the driven shaft secured in the housing; and

Fig. 6is an enlarged section of Fig. 2 in the plane 63.

Referring to the drawings- I is a tractor having front wheels 2 and rear wheels 3, and which is understood to be provided with a motor beneath the hood 4 which is operatively connected to the wheels 3 for propelling the device over the ground. 5 generally represents my scarifier which will be described below in detail, and which is attached to and drawn by the tractor; the scarifying elements '6 being rotated by means of mechanism operatively connecting them to the power take-off 1 of the tractor (see Fig. 3).

Referring now to Figs. 2, 3 and 4, 3-3 are the rear wheels of the tractor which are understood to be mounted on axles 8 within housings 9 and ID on either side of the differential housing ll.

Connected to the power take-off 1 of the tractor by means of a'pin l2 or other suitable means is a half l3 of a universal joint. The other half M of this joint is provided with an internally splined collar [5 in which the forward end of the splined shaft I6 is received. The other end of the splined shaft I6 is connected to a half ll of a second universal joint by means of a pin I8, and the other half IQ of the second universal joint is provided with an internally splined collar 29 within which the forward end of the drive shaft 2| is received. The drive shaft 2| is provided with a housing 22 which is rotatably connected to a yoke 23 by means of the yoke collar 23 and the cap 26 which engages the threaded forward end 25 of the shaft housing 22. The forwardly extending branches 2 B and 321 of the I yoke 23 are pivotally connected at 28 and 29 (see Fig. 2) to a frame or housing 30 which, in turn, is bolted to the differential housing as shown at 3| (see Figs. 2 and 3). A helical spring 32 surrounds the splined shaft l6 and is compressed between the half universals l5 and I1.

Secured to the rear end of the drive shaft housing 22 by means of cap screws 33 is a transversely extending cylindrical housing 34 formed in two halves which are bolted together as shown :at 35. A transversely extending driven shaft 36 is mounted in bearings 3! which are welded to the interior of one of the half housings as shown at 38 in Fig. 5, and end bearings 39 therefor are also provided at each end of the housing. The shaft 36 is driven by the shaft 2| through the pinion 40 on the end of the drive shaft which cooperates with the bevel gear 4| keyed or otherwise secured to the driven shaft 36. The half housing in which the bearings 31 are secured has for med iintegrial with theilowenexterior portion thereof a plurality of comparatively closely spaced cylindrical bosses 42 which are provided with axial bores for the passage of the stub shafts 43 and are counterbored to receive the-*stub shaft bearings 44. Secured to the outer ends of each of the stub shafts is a scarifying 'element fi here illustrated as comprising -a flat,-approximately triangular drill or cutter. Within the housing, each stub shaft is provided with a pinion 46 which cooperates with a bevel gear 41 keyed cor Otherwise :SCllI.d"t the shaft 35. It will be noted-from Fig.-- 4'that adjacent scarifying rselements arearranged with their planes substanzltially atright angles to each-other, "and it'will also be apparent that the alternate scarifying.

elements at;either iside of the --.center element tirotate'ainopposite directions. 'It wi1l also-be ap- -:parent that, by "removingthe caps 48 at the ends of the housing 34 and thereafter removing the e-bOltS orcap screws -35 Wh'iCHIhOId'Ithe :halves of the housings 34 together, the half housingr fifi may be lifted off to..provide access to-thebearings 'jffOI' 1the shaft--46 andthawgears which drive the ":scarifying elements.

,2 In order-to raise and -lower .the scarifier and =to 1supp.ort;it,inproperoperating relation to the .FgrQundjI-provide the -V -.shaped channel frame z -from TVhiCll the housing :3fi-gisgresiliently sup- .:'ported1by means of the link bz which is pivotally xconnected ;.to the 1 housin b i a bolt -52 and the rhelical gcompression spring -53; the .spring 53 daeingpcompressed between a member 54 secured to the frame 5| and a washer-like element '55 whj h is secured to thelink 52, by means of a bolt-r56. :HI-helink-EZ mayhavespaced holes'such gas 25'! therein -,(see Fig. 3) for the reception, of etherbolt: 56. The, channels forming the v-shaped isframeefil are pivotally-connectedat their lower .rextremities to the lifting members 58 and also ito thememhersf-GO -by .bolts' 59, and the members iilillraregpivotally connected'to the sides of the differential housing, asshown at fil. The free {ends of the members 60 (are connected together 'sbyithe,.transverse member 62, and braces 63 (see 3Figs. 3=and .4);-.are welded or-other-wisesecured to :thesides .Ofthe V- frame 5| and connect them with:,.the-member ,62. The lifting snembers 58 are pivotally connected through universal joints A34 to the cranks- 65 which are understood to be parts {of the hydraulic lifting mechanism with which 53.11 ,present,,day tractors are equipped. for ,ilifting plows-and other attachments drawn by (the tractor. -Thus, the scarifier may be raised ..--and,lowered, as shown in Fig.3, by means of the ;hydraulic lifting mechanismof the tractor.

.lmaddition to thehydrauliclifting. means just gdescribed, I provide aimanuallyactuated lifting vtmeansiwhich isqoperable by turning the crank 1,5,6. (see .,Figs. 2 and 3). "An inverted U.-shaped frame element 61 has .its branches welded or 'a otherwise secured to the channel members formvflingcythe.iv-shapedframejill, as shown in Figs. 2 eandJfi. EPi-votally securedto ,thetop of the frame -1a'or .JhQusing :'3fi, ;as iShOWn :at .68. infiFigs. 2 and 3, .11 an iinternall :threaded :tubular member 4.69

which cooperates with the threaded end of the crank 66 and, just beneath the center portion of the U-shaped member 61, the crank 66 is provided with a semi-spherical element H which 5 bears against the bottom of the U-shaped member 61. I2 is a sleeve which is secured to the crank 66 by means of a pin 13 and which serves merely as at protecting cover for the threaded portion of the crank. Thus, by turning the crank l0w'561the scarifier not only may be raised and lowered but the arrangement provides a positive stop limiting the extent to which the scarifier may be lowered; it being understood that while the .zcranks 65 are swung clockwise, as viewed in Fig. 3, by hydraulic pressure, they are always free to -swing-clockwise, and thus do not interfere with the .manualJifting of the scarifier by crank 66. This is of particular advantage in maintaining ax-uniform depth of cut because, in turning the tractor around, it is ,usually necessary to raise i-rthezsca-rifier .out: of: contactwith the; ground and, :after the turnlias been 'made and the scarifier lowered, it will automatically "stop at thesame :elevation above the ground as before making theturn.

While Iihaveadescribed-myiinvention in its preiferred-embodiment and, as an attachment for a tractor, it-will berapparent that the function of :the tractor ,per seismerelyrto draw thescarifier -;over:.the.ground. .A motor, of =course, is'neces- .asary-toioperate .thescarifying elements, and it is also desirable thata motor-actuate the. hy- :draulic .lift, but, a separate motor-equipped verhicleimay-sbe employed to pull 1 the so arifier. .over the'ground. Therefore, itis tozbe understood -:.that the'words which I vhave' used are .wordsof sdescription rather than of limitation and that changes within the .rpurview of the appended claims may be made without departingv from the :;true scope and spirit of my "invention in its broader aspects.

WhatLclaim is 1. A-scarifier. adapted to breakiup thersurface "of a road-and for attachment to atractor hav- :ing a;powertake-off at the rear thereof; said scarifier comprising a transversely-extending .driven shaft; a driving shaft cooperating therewithand provided with means adapting it to :zberconnectednto, said power take-off; a housing -.aentirelycenclosingsaid driven shaft comprising 1 two, approximately semi-cylindrical sections extending. lengthwiseofsaid driven shaft and. substantially. from end-to-end thereof means :de- :tachablytsecuringsaid sections together; bear- ,ings ,forsaidqdriven shaft fixed .in .one 'of said :sections;;a1:p1urality of scarifying elements; a :plurality :of bearingson said one-section of .said ,housing, positioned below saiddriven shaft bearings andhavingtheir axes disposed at. right an- :gleslto the axes of said drivenzshaft bearings, in .Which said scarifying elements are :rotatably mounted; and gearsin saidhousing :drivingly connecting .1 said ,scarifying-ielements with .said :driven shaftpsaid gears and said ibearings :beingaccessible upon the=separation.of.said hous- :ing sections by ithe removal of said means detachably securing said sections together.

.2.;-A;scarifier adaptedtobreak up the surface :of va'road andto be operatively connected to a tractor having a power take-01T- at the rear there- 10f andhydraulic means forraising andloweringapparatus drawnby said tractor; said scari- "fier comprising a longitudinally-extending driving shaft provided *with means -adapting =it to 75 :be operatively connected to said power-take ofi,

a transversely-extending, driven shaft, means drivingly connecting said shafts, a housing enclosing said driven shaft comprising two, approximately semi-cylindrical sections extending lengthwise of said driven shaft and substantially from end-to-end thereof; means detachably securing said sections together; bearings for said driven shaft fixed in one of said sections; a plurality of scarifying elements; bearings depending from said one of said sections having parallel-disposed axes disposed at right angles to the axes of said driven shaft bearings and in which said scarifying elements are rotatably mounted; gears in said housing drivingly connecting said driven shaft and said scarifying elements; a frame provided with means adapting it to be pivotally connected to said tractor and also with means adapting it to be connected to said hydraulic means for swinging said frame about the axis of said pivotal connecting means; and means resiliently suspending said housing from said frame; whereby up and down movements of said housing may take place independently of said frame and said hydraulic means; said gears and said bearings being accessible upon the separation of said housing sections by the removal of said means detachably securing said sections together.

3. A scarifier adapted to break up the surface of a road and to be operatively connected to a tractor having a power take-off at the rear thereof and hydraulic means for raising and lowering apparatus drawn by said tractor; said scarifier comprising a longitudinally-extending driving shaft provided with means adapting it to be operatively connected to said power take-off, a transversely-extending, driven shaft, means drivingly connecting said shafts, a housing enclosing said driven shaft comprising two, approximately semi-cylindrical sections extending lengthwise of said driven shaft .and substantially from end-to-end thereof; means detachably securing said sections together; bearings for said driven shaft fixed in one of said sections; a plurality of scarifying elements; bearings depending from said one of said sections having parallel-disposed axes disposed at right angles to the axes of said driven shaft bearings and in which said scarifying elements are rotatably mounted; gears in said housing drivingly connecting said driven shaft and said scarifying elements; a frame provided with means adapting it to be pivotally connected to said tractor and also with means adapting it to be connected to said hydraulic means for swinging said frame about the axis of said pivotal connecting means; means resiliently suspending said housing from said frame; and manually adjustable means cooperating with said frame for positively limiting the extent to which said frame may be lowered by said hydraulic means; whereby automatically to maintain a substantially uniform depth of cut when said scarifier is lowered after the raising thereof.

CADWALLADER W. KELSEY.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 510,738 Voysey et a1 Dec. 12, 1893 513,708 Henderson Jan. 30, 1894 1,696,576 Jones Dec. 25, 1928 2,214,702 Seaman Sept. 10, 1940 2,287,479 Kelsey June 23, 1942 2,345,741 Foulke, Jr Apr. 4, 1944 2,366,626 Kelsey Jan. 2', 1945 2,383,386 Hipple Aug. 21, 1945 2,462,641 Hyland Feb. 22, 1949 

